Conflict of Interest

Authors, reviewers, and editors involved in the publication process for the Proceedings of Science and Nature Research must disclose any financial, personal, or professional relationships that could be perceived to influence, or that could reasonably appear to influence, the objectivity or integrity of a submission.

Authors

Authors are required to include a Competing Interests statement in their manuscript, disclosing any relevant financial support (grants, sponsorships, consultancy fees), employment, patents, or personal relationships that could be seen as influencing the work reported. Where no competing interests exist, this must be explicitly stated (e.g., "The authors declare no competing interests.").

Reviewers

Reviewers must declare any conflict of interest with the authors, the funding body, or the subject matter of a manuscript before accepting a review invitation, and must recuse themselves from reviewing where such a conflict exists.

Editors

Editors and editorial board members with a potential conflict of interest regarding a particular submission (for example, having co-authored work with one of the manuscript's authors, or sharing an institutional affiliation) must recuse themselves from the review and decision-making process for that manuscript. In such cases, the manuscript is reassigned to another qualified editor.